APPENDIX

CHRONOLOGY



   In order to establish the chronology of the kings of Judah and Israel, it is vitally important to understand how the years of a king’s reign were reckoned. The year in which a king came to the throne was known as his accession year. His first regnal year, i.e. the first full year of the king’s reign, began on the first day of the New Year following his accession. The period between his actual accession and next New Year’s Day was known as the beginning of the reign.

   Israel, in common with other Near Eastern nations, commenced the new year on the first day of Nisan (our March-April), its first king, Jeroboam, having come from Egypt (1 Kings 12:2–3) where the new year began in the spring. Judah, however, commenced the new year on the first day of Tishri (our September-October).

   Where two or three names are shown together in the list, a co-regency is indicated—it was common for a king to take his son onto the throne with him at his coming of age (usually 12). Regnal years are used.

   Using the list it is clear from Hosea 1:1 that he prophesied from around 790 until shortly before 722 BC.

Kings of united Judah and Israel

Saul1058–1018 BC
David1018–978
Solomon     978–938

Kings of Judah
Rehoboam938–921
Abijah921–918
Abijah / Asa918–915
Asa915–877
Asa / Jehoshophat877–874
Jehoshaphat874–852
Jehoram852–844
Ahaziah844–843
Athaliah843–837
Joash837–797
Amaziah797–791
Amaziah / Uzziah791–768
Uzziah768–751
Uzziah / Jotham751–739
Jotham739–735
Jotham / Ahaz735–731
Ahaz731–728
Ahaz / Hezekiah728–715
Hezekiah715–695
Hezekiah / Manasseh  695–686
Manasseh686–640
Amon640–638
Josiah638–607
Jehoahazno regnal years
(reigned 3 months)
Jehoiakim606–595
Jehoiachinno regnal years
(reigned 3 months)
Zedekiah595–585

Kings of Israel

Jeroboam I938–916
Nadab916–914
Baasha914–892
Baasha / Elah892–890
Elah890–888
Zimri / Tibni / Omri888–886
Omri886–879
Omri / Ahab879–874
Ahab874–857
Ahab / Ahaziah857–855
Ahab / Jehoram855–852
Ahaziah / Jehoram852–850
Jehoram850–843
Jehu843–815
Jehoahaz815–800
Jehoahaz / Jehoash800–798
Jehoash798–793
Jehoash / Jeroboam II793–782
Jeroboam II782–752
Zechariahno regnal years
(reigned 6 months)
Shallumno regnal years
(reigned 1 month)
Menahem751–741
Pekahiah741–739
Pekah739–731
Hoshea731–722
End of Kingdom of Israel  722 BC



Later Kings of Assyria

Shalmaneser IV782–773 BC
Ashurdan III773–755
Ashurnirari V755–745
Tiglath-pileser III745–727
Shalmaneser V727–722
Sargon II722–705
Sennacherib705–681
Esarhaddon681–669
Ashurbanipal669–627
Ashuretililani / Sinsharishkun627–622
Sinshumlishir622
Sinsharishkun622–610
Ashuruballit II610–607
Babylon conquers Assyria607 BC
 

shalmaneser.png - 7Kb

Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) receiving tribute from Jehu, king of Israel (see chapter 4)




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